This chapter introduces the fundamentals of geothermal energy by examining the Earth's internal structure and the natural variation of temperatures. It presents the key concepts required to interpret the geothermal gradient, analyze the Earth’s heat flow, and understand the essential role of water as a heat-transfer medium in geothermal systems.
The chapter describes the various types of low-enthalpy geothermal resources, along with modern production techniques such as drilling, geothermal heat pumps, and both closed-loop and open-loop systems. It also outlines the main stages involved in the design and operation of geothermal installations, illustrated through several practical applications:
· District and residential heating
· Agricultural greenhouses and aquaculture
· Industrial processes utilizing geothermal heat
- Enseignant: Fayza BOUSSEKRA